Alan Charles Kors is Henry Charles Lea Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where he specializes in European intellectual history of the 17th and 18th centuries. He is the author of several books and numerous articles on French intellectual history and was editor- in-chief of the Oxford Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. He has taught seminars for the Folger Institute, the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris, the Institute of Humane Studies, the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, and the Lehrman Institute. Kors has directed seminars on liberty and limited government in Continuing Legal Education programs for state and federal judges and has spoken on academic freedom and American liberty at scores of universities and at numerous free-market organizations. He co-authored The Shadow University: The Betrayal of Liberty on American Campuses, and co-founded the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE). He has received many awards for distinguished college teaching and for the defense of academic freedom. In 2005, he received the National Humanities Medal at the White House.